Ce chapitre 3 ouvre une nouvelle section du livre des Actes des Apôtres. La communauté des disciples devra faire face à l’opposition des autorités religieuses du Temple, mais aussi à ses premières crises internes.
Il ne faudrait pas confondre la communauté de partage avec le pays des soviets ou des Bisounours ! Situé juste après le discours de Pierre, le passage montre que cette communauté témoigne de l’action de la Parole et de l’Esprit en son sein.
Le récit de la Pentecôte a montré combien le don de l’Esprit Saint aux Apôtres et disciples leur offrait de proclamer, en diverses langues les merveilles de Dieu, paroles destinées à un public juif très divers. Mais quel est ce propos des disciples ? Qu’est-ce que cela signifie ? Le discours de Pierre en donne maintenant l’interprétation.
On connaît, surtout, du récit dit de la Pentecôte, sa partie narrative. Or celle-ci n’est que la première section (2,1-13), courte, d’un ensemble qui comporte aussi une partie discursive d’importance offrant l’interprétation du don de l’Esprit avec le discours de Pierre (2,14-41) – et que nous lirons avec l’article suivant.
Entre l’ascension de Jésus et la Pentecôte, Luc a inséré l’épisode du choix de Matthias. Les Onze redeviennent les Douze. Mais pourquoi ? D’autant que le groupe des Douze interviendra très peu par la suite.
Après l’adresse à Théophile, Luc ouvre son ouvrage par un rappel de son évangile. Il n’en fait pas pour autant un résumé. Ces premiers versets vont insister sur le caractère eschatologique de l’assemblée des disciples et Apôtres.
Au sein du Nouveau Testament, le livre des Actes des Apôtres est, selon moi, l’œuvre la plus délicate à commenter. Non que les Actes soient complexes....
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