Ce discours (Mt 18) tient une place centrale dans l’évangile de Matthieu. L’importance donnée à la nécessaire communion et réconciliation révèle les difficultés et les dissensions que pouvait vivre une communauté chrétienne comme celle de Matthieu.
La transfiguration anticipait déjà la résurrection qui établira définitivement Jésus glorifié, Christ, Fils du Dieu vivant, et crucifié, comme le juge des temps derniers.
Ce passage est dans la stricte continuité de la profession de foi de Pierre et des disciples. Il vient éclairer d’un nouveau jour l’identité et la mission de ce Christ et Fils de Dieu, mais aussi de ses disciples.
Comme pour l’évangéliste Marc (Mc 7,1-23), ce passage sur la question du pur et de l’impur se situe aussitôt la marche sur les eaux. Les disciples sont confrontés à une autre tempête : ils sont accusés de ne pas suivre les préceptes de la tradition en matière de pureté, d’être de mauvais pratiquants.
L’échec de Jésus à Nazareth et la mort cruelle et injuste du baptiste ont terni la proclamation de l’Évangile du Royaume. A la suite de cela, Jésus part s’isoler, ce qui appuie encore sur la dramatique de la situation. Nous sommes loin d’un succès attendu avec la venue et la présence du Fils de l’Homme, Christ, Fils de Dieu mais aussi humble semeur.
Le discours en parabole vient de s’achever. Cependant, comme très dans l’évangile selon Matthieu, les sections narratives qui suivent servent à illustrer le propos précédent tout en introduisant une thématique nouvelle. L’incompréhension de ses compatriotes et la mort de Jean le baptiste viennent éclairer la question de Royaume présent mais peu reconnaissable aux yeux des hommes.
Le discours de Jésus aux foules rassemblées au bord du lac, puis maintenant aux disciples, se poursuit avec ces trois dernières paraboles. Elles font écho aux trois précédentes, tout en introduisant un élément nouveau. De quoi encore dérouter cet auditoire quant à la compréhension du Royaume du Père
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