L’histoire de Caïn ne se termine pas avec son errance loin de l’Eden, loin de Dieu. La suite porte, en filigrane, cette question : l’humanité et, notamment, la famille de Caïn est-elle condamnée à subir la peine de son ancêtre ?
Ce récit du retour à la vie d’un enfant est propre à l’évangéliste Luc et intervient à la suite la guérison de l’esclave du centurion. Ces deux récits ne sont pas sans lien.
Comme pour illustrer le discours précédent, sur l’amour des ennemis et la miséricorde à l’image du Père, Luc nous invite à observer la foi d’un centurion.
La métaphore de la maison bâtie sur le roc vient conclure l’ensemble du discours de Jésus à ses disciples les invitant à mettre en pratique ses paroles.
Dans cette dernière partie (6,39-45) Jésus prend le langage imagé de la parabole. À partir de plusieurs "allégories", le discours pointera sur la nécessité de vivre en frères miséricordieux. Après les richesses et les représailles, c'est la suffisance et la prétention à "dominer" son frère que le disciple doit abandonner.
Le récit de l’appel de douze apôtres ouvre un nouveau volet de l’évangile de Luc et introduit le discours des béatitudes (6,17-26). Il vient également éclairer la figure messianique de Jésus.
Nous avions laissé Caïn, lors du précédent épisode, seul et silencieux avec sa colère et sa tristesse. Étonnamment, c’est Dieu qui vient rompre ce silence et cette solitude pour relever Caïn qui, malgré cela, assassinera son frère.
Ce récit pourrait se rapprocher d’un récit de guérison. Il en sera, effectivement, question. Cependant, le rapport de Jésus au respect du sabbat en est l’enjeu principal durant cette controverse.
L’épisode vient à la suite des deux controverses avec les pharisiens lors du repas de Lévi (5,27-28 et 5,33-39). Il constitue un autre moment opposant Jésus et ses disciples aux pharisiens et introduit la question du sabbat qui se poursuivra également avec la guérison suivante (6,6-11).
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